Marking photographic material.



H. J. GAISMAN.

MARKING PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION HLED'JULY 22.1916.

1,256,784; Patented Feb.19,1918.

L\ \A SI WITNESSES: IAIVENTO'R 1 ffimzy J [/m .fimtlll/ '1' By W i d A rro/msrs UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY J. GAISMAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY,

' OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

MARKING PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 19, 1918.

Application filed July 22, 1916. Serial No. 110,761.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY J. GAISMAN, of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Marking Photographic Material; and I do hereby declare the fOllOWiIlg to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the reference numerals marked thereon.

My present invention relates to photography and more particularly to photograp 11C sensitive mediums or cartridges equipped for light printing designating marks at desired points on the sensitive body by localized exposure. The invention 0011' templates the use, in association with the sensitive film or body, of a covering of locally displaceable or deformable light resisting material such as finely divided carbon particles held in a suitable menstruum as in the case of ordinary carbon paper whereby light transmitting lines are produced in the covering by the pressure of the stylus and the marking thus recorded photographicall y on the film and the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement and construction whereby the film comprised by the negative or latent negative will be adequately protected from deleterious effects resulting from its association with the carbon or similar covering. To these and other ends the invention resides in certain improvements and combinations of parts all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the drawings, I have illustrated certain embodiments of my invention in exaggerated views, in which:

Figure 1 shows in perspective, partly broken away, a film cartridge having a film and a separate non-actinic backing associated therewith embodying my invention;

Fig. Qshows an enlarged detail section of a sensitized element and a flexible backing having a displaceable coating between the element and backing, certain portions of a camera bein shown to illustrate the operation of my evice;

Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of parts involved when the coating is on the opposite side of the backing from the sensitive ele-- ment Fig. 4 shows a construction where the sensitivev medium and its protective covering are integrally associated.

Similar reference numerals throughout the several figures indicate the same parts.

In the practice of my invention, I provide a photographic-ally sensitive body and a protective covering, the latter embodying a substance ordinarily damaging to the sensitive body through smudging or otherwise, but so associated as to form an economical, simple, compact, unitary, self-contained ele ment capable of use for making a photographic record and applying a titling designation thereon in a suitable holder under daylight conditions. Where the ordinary mam-folding carbon is used, smudging may otherwise occur, either by contact with the film when in position for exposure or by contact during rolling in a film roll or cartridge but my invention provides against harmful association in both instances.

As a practicable application of my invention, I have illustrated in Fig. l a form of cartridge or carrying roll, adapted for use in a roll holding cameraand embodying a photographic element 2 comprising in the present instance the usual film base 3 and sensitive body 4, associated with a light protective covering 5 and adapted to be suitably supported for movement in the focal plane of exposure in a camera with the covering in the rear. Although the camera structure forms no part of my present invention, I have shown fragmentarily in Fig. Qlthe rear wall 6 of a camera havin an opening 7 therein affording access to tile and a writing table 8 adjacent the opening to support the film and its covering during the marking operation. A suitable cover 9 over the opening normally excludes light from the interior of the camera but is movable for the insertion of a stylus 10 and the application of the designating marks on the rear face ofthe covering 5. To provide means for protecting the unexposed film from undesired light and yet allow transfer of the marks made on the covering to the sensitive film as a light record, I make the protective coverin 5- normally non-actinic or light resisting ut capable of being rendered locally light permeable by marking thereagainst. A specific type of covering embodies a more or less translucent backing 11 of paper, such as the red backing paper film covering,

now used in this art, or other suitable material capable of transmitting actinic light to some extent and which is preferably not readily ruptured by the stroke of a stylus, carrying a coating 12 of mobile, light obstructing material, such as carbon transfer material used on manifolding paper, which ma be locally displaced or otherwise afiected y pressure markings to transmit light.

As illustrative of one of the various arrangements of parts that may be adopted, I

have shown in Fig. 2, a sensitive element 2 affixed in any Well known manner as by a gummed sticker 13 to a leading strip 14., adapted to be fastened in a camera to a winding roll which coiiperates with the carrying roll 1 to support and move the film. for successive exposures. This strip 14, which may be of any desired material but is preferably of an opaque paper, is connected as by a second sticker 15 to the covering 5, embodying the partially translucent backing 11 and displaceable coating 12, which extends throughout the length of the film. At the other end of the film (not shown) the same or other suitable arrangements of parts may be adopted, but it is preferable, as is customary, to leave the end of the film unconnected to the backing strip and to continue the latter some distance beyond the film for purposes of manipulation in developing apparatus.

In the use of this type of my invention, the sensitive element is loaded into the camera or other holder and supported in the focal plane of exposure by the carrying and winding rolls with the sensitive surface of the film over the writing table 8 and the covering 5 in the rear, maintained adjacent th opening 7 in the camera wall. After taking a picture or entirely independently of such photographic operation, one may open the door 9 and write by a stylus or otherwise mark on the paper backing 11 exposed through the opening. Upon the application of pressure markings against the rear face of the covering, the impression is transmitted through the flexible backing to the nonactinic or opaque coating 12, which is thereby broken, displaced or otherwise rendered light permeable along the lines of pressure.

Light entering the opening 7 is conducted.

through the breaks in the body or coatin 12 to the rear of the sensitive body, thus light fogging the same along these lines. After development of the photographic element. the lines appear as dark marks on the film.

The covering 5 may comprise a medium capable of obstructing the'passage of light which may be rendered locally more con-' .ductive where written on or against by a suitable means capable of chemically or physically removing a portion of the medium or altering its density or light transmitting qualities. In its preferred form this covering comprises a coating 12 which involves a uniform, loosely adherent material suffieiently light obstructing to cooperate with the backing to prevent the passage of any material amount of actinic li ht therethrough, and yet be locally disp aceable or lsufiiciently affected by a single stroke of a .stylus against it that it will transmit actinic light at the point written upon. I find finely divided carbon particles in a suitable menstruum of a viscous adherent oil or wax to be Well adapted for the displaceable coating.

Since, however, some suitable materials are easily displaced by pressure or abrasion, as has been heretofore pointed out, it is advantageous to provide means to prevent any possible injurious effects on the sensitive body or other adjacent surface and any inopportune transfer thereto of the displaceable material during handling or manipulation of the same. This may be accomplished by plac ing over the coating a protective or confining layer 16 of a suitable adhesive material, which will not, act deleteriously upon the sensitized material or its supporting base, and which will bind down the displaceable particles toa certain extent and prevent a too easy dislocation of the same or a transfer to the sensitive body or support of any oil, etc., that may be embodied in the coating. For this purpose, various translucent adhesive materials may be used, such as wax, rosin, shellac, varnishes, lacquers, etc., or such compositions as nitrocellulose combined with gums or resins. The protective layer may be of such nature or material as to prevent transfer of the coating when marked against by a stylus, in'which case the coating might be rendered light permeable by a compacting action due to the pressure of the stylus or by a rupture of the protective layer and a displacement of the coating. It is preferred, however, that the nature of the layer involve-merely such characteristics as to revent displacement of the coating material during the ordinary handling of the sensitized element and permit displacement and transfer thereof to an adjacent surface when marked against.

According to the arrangement shown in Fig. 3, the coating 12 of transfer material may be located on the opposite side of the backing strip 11 from the sensitive film 2 when in position for exposure. Since, otherwise, the sensitized surface of the film would, in that case, contact with the carbon coating of an adjacent layer when rolled on the spool, it is likewise necessary, if an easily displaced material is used for the coating, to cover the same with an adhere'nt protecting layer 16 of varnish, or the like. The coating 12 and its adherent layer 16 being uppermost on the backing are subject to being marked against through the opening in the camera 55 covering, for example, similar to the consuitable material, not necessarily flexible or adapted to transmit localized pressure through its body. The light obstructing coating in this modification may involve nontransferable material, capable of being rendered locally light permeable by the application of a marking instrument therea ainst, either through the removal of materia or its displacement orby other action tending to change its light transmitting qualities.

The coating 12 is located opposite those portions of the sensitive element intended to have designating markings light recorded thereon, and may, for expediency of manufacture, extend the length of the backing strip, as shown in Fig. 3, or merely the length of the sensitive element, as shown in Fig. 2, or be otherwise located on the strip in such an arrangement as to satisfy the functions required. Accordin to the arrangement shown inFig. 2, it 1s possible to insert the cartridge in a roll holding camera without coming in contact with the displaceable coating.

In order to provlde a compact and integral or intimately associated structure on the part of the strip as a whole, the sensitive element and its protective covering may be combined, as shown in Fig. 4, in which case one surface of the translucent backing 11 of paper, film base or the like, is fastened in substantial contact with the sensitive body 4 on one'side and with the light obstructlng material 12 on the other side. The sensitized material, as is preferred, may be placed di rectly on one surface of the translucent backing and the light obstructing material on the other side.. According to one simple arrangement, the com lete element may be made by coating the back of ordinary sensitized photographic paper or film with a suitable displaceable carbon medium 12 which may, if desired, be covered with a con-' fining layer of lacquer 16 to protect the sensi-- tive body when the strip is rolled as explained in connection with the device of Fig. 3. If the backing 11 is to be subsequently printed through, one of the stripping mediums known in the art may be interposed between it and the carbon coating 12 to permit the removal of the latter and of the strip 16 when they have served their purpose.

I preferred for expediency of manufacture, the sensitivebody and the non-actinic structions shown in Figs. 2 and 3, may be pasted or otherwise fastened together'along 'a portion or all of their contacting surfaces.

The order of the layers may be varied or other suitable changes made within the scope of my'invention, one essentlalcharacing constituting teristic of this type being the intimate association of the 'parts in a unitary, integral element having the photographically sensitive body so located on one side that it may be exposed to light, and the locally displaceable, self-retaimng, adherent, non-smudging, light obstructing coating so positioned in the rear of the sensitive body that pressure markings thereagainst may cause local displacement of the coating material to permit the transmission of actinic rays. 1

The backing 11 preferably comprises a light obstructlng but partially translucent material, but may, if desired, be transparent,

while the displaceable coating should be of such uniform character and of sufiiciently non-actinic or opaque qualities that the coatllilhg and backing together may serve as an e cient light protecting cover for the sensitized element. It will be readily understood that if the backing or the coating has too great light conducting properties, a suitable dye or light obstructing ink, paint or other coating material may be applied thereto to render it less actinic or more opaque. It is also clear that the light obstructing qualities of the displaceable coating should depend upon the same qualities of the backing, since if the backin transmits light readily, the coating must e homogeneous and uniform and its particles highly resistant to the passage of light, and vice versa. I claim as my invention:

- -1. As a new article of manufacture, a 1

photographically sensitized element associated with a protective covering the latter embodying an adherent light obstructing medium thereon capable of being rendered locally light permeable by the stroke of a outer surface of the carbon coating disposed Y between the latter and the sensitive element, the several elements of the protective covera unitary structure.

.HENRY J. GAISMAN.

Witnesses: r

Amman Knmm, Bevan Lawson. 

